Page 9 - December 2018

tI-c-f-k` www.keralasabha.net Email : keralasabhaijk@gmail.com 92018 Unkw-_¿ ka-ImenIw

{^m≥knkv ]m-∏-bp-sS C-¥ym k-μ¿-i-\w A-S-™ A-[ym-bw

2019 am¿®n¬ ]m∏sb kzoI-cn-°m≥ B{^n-°-bnse ap-kvenw cm-jv-{S-am-b sam-tdm-t°m-

Cc- nß- me- °- pS- : temI- Ø- n- kwL]- c- nh- m¿ kwLS- \- - tdmt- °m kμ- ¿i- \- w. 2019 se ]m∏m kμ¿i\- ß- ƒ ‘ß- f- pw IpS- nt- b‰- {]i- v\- ß- - Iƒ°- pw _ns- P]- n t\X- rX- z-
se G‰- h- pw he- nb- P\- m[- n- I-fpsS FXn¿∏p-aq-e- Ah- nS- s- Ø apl- Ω- Z- v fpw apl- Ω- Z- v cmP- mh- pw ]m∏- b- pw Øn-\pw Xm¬-]-cy-an-√m-Ø-
]-Xy cm-jv-{S-sa-∂pw a-X-\n- amWv ]m∏m kμ¿i\w ]m\a : P\p-hcn 23-˛27 X-Ωn-ep-≈ Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-bn¬ XmW- v Imc- W- w. \t- c{- μ tam-
c-t]-£-X-bp-sS \m-sS-∂pw \S-°msX t]mb-Xv. B-dm-a≥ cm-Pm-hpw I- sam-tdmt°m : am¿®v 30-˛31- N¿®- hnj- b- a- mI- pw. Zn k¿-°m¿ A-[n-Im-c-Øn-
ho-ºp ]-d-bp-∂ C-¥y, hn- C\n 2019 se temIvk`m tØme- n°- m _nj- ∏- pa- m- sdmam-\nb, samkm-ºnIv, aU-Km-kvI¿ : te-dn-b ti-jw ]-e X-h-W
izi- m¥- nb- ps- S {]h- mN- I- s- \- sXcs™S- p∏- n\p≈ \S- cpw tN¿-∂p \¬-In-b samt- dmt- °m kμ- ¿i- \- Ø- n- C-¥y-bn-se I-tØm-en-°m
∂v tem-Iw ap-gp-h≥ {]-iw- ]Sn {Ia-߃ P\p-h-cn- £-Ww kzo-I-cn-®m-Wv XnbXn ]n∂oSv \p ap-ºv {^m≥-kn-kv ]m-∏ P- sa{- Xm≥ ka- nX- n kμ- ¿i- \-
kn-°p-∂ {^m≥-kn-kv ]m- bn¬ XpS-ßpw. AXn- ]m-∏-bp-sS k-μ¿-i-\w. \p-h-cn 23 ˛ 27 Xn-b-Xn-I-fn¬ hn-j-bw {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bpƒ-
∏b- ps- S kμ- ¿i- \- Ø- n\- v ap- \nsS ]m∏m kμ¿i-\- 1985 ¬ tPm¨ t]mƒ c- k-`-bpw `-c-W-Iq-S-hpw X-Ωn¬ samt- dmt- °mb- n¬ c≠- v A- a[- y At- ac- n°- ≥ cmP- ya- mb- ]m- s∏-sS-bp-≈-h-cp-sS {i-≤-
Jw Xnc- n®- p \n¬°- p∂- X- n\- n- Øn\v km[yX- b- n√- . ≠m-a≥ ]m-∏ sam-tdm- B-g-ta-dn-b ku-lm¿-±-hpw k- Xn-cq-]-X-I-fp-≠v: H-∂v, X-e- \a- kμ- ¿i- n°- p∂- p≠- v. sdma- m- bn¬s- ∏S- pØ- nb- n´- pw A°- m-
sS A-t±-lw ap-…nw `q-cn-]- t°m kμ- ¿i- n®- nc- p∂- p. lI- c- W- h- pw Ch- ns- S \ne- \- n¬- ÿm-\ \-K-c-am-b dn-_m-Øv \n-b, sam-km-ºn-Iv, a-U-Km-kv- cyw Ah- K- W- n°- pI- b- mb- nc- p-
£ cm-jv-{S-am-b sam-tdm- °p∂- p. B kul- m¿±- Ø- ns- ‚ Bÿ- m\- a- mb- p≈- X- pw c≠- ma- - °¿ XpS- ß- nb- cmP- yß- f- pw 2019 ∂p. C\- n 2019 se temI- vk- -
t°m kμ- ¿i- n°- p∂- p. AS- p- 2014 se IW- °- \- pk- - {]-Xn-^-e-\-am-Wv {^m≥-kn-kv tØ-Xv Xm-¶¿ \-K-c-Øn-te- ¬ At- ±l- w kμ- ¿i- nt- ®°- pw- . `m Xnc- s- ™S- p∏- n¬ hnP- b- n-
Ø h¿-jw am¿-®v 30, 31 Xn- cn-®p 2.90 tIm-Sn-bm-Wv ]m∏- b- ps- S kμ- ¿i- \- w. Xpw. ss{Ik- vX- h- ˛ ap…- nw _- °p-I-sb-∂ H-‰ Im-cy-ta \-
bX- nI- f- ne- mW- v B{- ^n°- `q- sam-tdm-t°m-bn-se P-\- {^m≥-kn-kv ]m-∏-bp-sS C- tc-{μ -tam-Zn-°pw A-t±-l-
J-fi-Øn-s‚ h-S-°v ]-Sn- kw-Jy. C-Xn¬ 0.1 i-X- ¥ym kμ- ¿i- \- w DS- s- \b- p≠- m- Øn-s‚ cm-jv-{So-b ]m¿-´n-
™m-dm-bn In-S-°p-∂ sam- am-\w, A-Xm-b-Xv 21,000 Ins- √∂- v Gs- d°- ps- d Dd- ∏- mb- n- °pw e£- ya- p≈- q.
t]¿ am{- Xt- a It- Øme- n- . B¿-F-kv-F-kv Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-
°c- mb- n´- p≈- q. F¶- ne- pw ≈ lnμ- pX- o{- hh- mZ- kwL- S- \- -

tI-c-f I-tØm-en-°m k-`-bn¬ "kpc- £- t]ms- c¶- n¬ CuPn-]vXn¬ ss{I-kv-X-h Xo¿-∞m-S-I¿-°v

Un-kw-_¿ h-N-\- ]m-cm-b-W- am-kw ]c- mX- n°- ms- c k¿°- m¿ t\-sc Xo-{h-hm-Zn B-{I-a-Ww; G-gv a-c-Ww

Un-kw-_¿ 30 ss_-_nƒ Rm-b¿ ÿm-]-\-Øn¬ Ib- tv- dm : CuP- n]- Xv- n¬ ho≠- pw ss{Ik- Xv- h- ¿°- p t\-
sc C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS B-{I-a-Ww. \-hw-
kz¥w teJ-I≥ Iƒ-°pw bp-hm-°ƒ-°p-am-bn BZ- y `mK- w "]T\- s- s__- nƒ : Xma- k- n∏- n°- pI- ' _¿ c≠- n\- v sh≈- nb- mg- N-v Ib- t-v dmb- °-v v sX°- v sk‚ v Ibvtdmbv°v sX°v acp`q-an-bn-ep≈ sk‚ v kmap-h¬ B{i-aw. Chn-tS°v
ss_-_nƒ A-[n-jvTn-X I-em- kph- nt- ij- ß- ƒ' F∂- t]c- n¬ kma- ph- ¬ B{- ia- Ø- nt- e°- v kμ- ¿i- \- Ø- n\- pt- ]mb- h∂ Xo¿∞mS- I- s- cb- mWv CkvemanI Xo{hh- mZ- nI- ƒ B{Ia- n®- X- v.
Cc- nß- me- °- pS- : ]X- nh- pt- ]ms- e km-ln-Xy a-’-c-ß-fpw ss_- ]nH- k- n {]k- n≤- oI- c- n®- n´- p≠- .v ]- tIm´bw: s- Xc- ph- v ka- c- w \S- - Xo¿-∞m-S-I-cp-sS _-kn-\p-t\-sc ]-Xn-bn-cp-∂v sh-Sn-
Un-kw-_¿ am-kw tI-c-f I- _nƒ I-tem-’-h-hpw \-S-Øp- ec- q]- X- I- f- ne- pw ss__- nƒ A- Øn-b I-\ym-kv-{Xn-am¿-°pw hb- v]- v \S- Ø- pI- b- mb- nc- p∂- p. A{- Ia- Ø- n¬ 12,15 hb- - ≠n\- p CS- h- g- nI- f- ne- qs- S h∂- Xo{- h- U‚n-s\ ]p-d-Øm-°n `-c-Ww ]n-Sn-s®-
tØm-en-°m k-`-bn¬ h-N-\- I XpS- ß- nb- \n¿t- ±i- ß- f- mW- p- ∏-kv-tXm-te-‰n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz- _nj- ∏- v {^mt- ¶mb- vs- °X- ns- c p-≈ c-≠p Ip-´n-Iƒ Dƒ-s∏-sS G-gp t]¿ a-cn-®p. hmZ- nI- ƒ sab- n≥ tdmU- ne- qs- S hc- n- SpØ- {]k- nU- ‚ v A_- Z-v p¬ ^Ø- m kn-
]m-cm-b-W am-k-am-bn B-N-cn- ≈X- v. Øn¬ \-S-∂ ss_-_nƒ tIm- ]c- mX- n \¬I- nb- I\- ymk- {v- Xn- 19 t]¿-°v Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]-cp-t°-‰p. tIm-]v-‰n-Iv k-`- I-bm-bn-cp-∂ Xo¿-∞m-S-I-cp-sS _- kns- b ]n¥- pW- b- v°- p∂- h- c- mW- v ss{I-
°p∂- p. gv-kp-I-fpw kw-ÿm-\ X-e- am¿-°pw C-t∏mƒ A-h¿ Xm- bn¬s- ∏´- h- c- mW- v ac- n®- F√- mh- c- pw. kv ]X- nb- nc- p∂- v B{- Ia- n°- pI- b- mb- n- kvX- h- s- c∂- mW- v Xo{- hh- mZ- nI- f- ps- S B-
ss__- nf- ns- \ Bg- Ø- n¬ a- Øn¬ sI-kn-_n-kn ss_- ak- n°- p∂- aTß- f- ne- p≈- kp- cp∂- p. tcm]- W- w. CX- ns- ‚ t]c- ne- mW- v 2013 \p
F-√m Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn-epw Un- \ - ne- m°- ph- m\- pw hni- zmk- Po- _nƒ I-Ωn-j≥ \-S-Øp-∂ c£- t]ms- c∂- ps- ≠¶- n¬ A- a-cp-`q-an-bn-em-Wv sk‚ v km-ap-h¬ B-{i-aw. \q- tij- w ss{Ik- Xv- h- ¿°- p t\s- c XpS- s- c-
kw-_dn¬ ss_-_nƒ {]-Xn- hn-Xw i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw Po- "tem-tKm-kv Izn-kv' a-’-c-hpw h-sc G-sX-¶n-epw k¿-°m¿ ‰m≠- pI- f- ps- S ]g- °- a- p≈- Cu ]pW- yk- t- ¶X- Ø- nt- e- ]-´m-f A-´n-a-dn-bn-eq-sS 2013 ¬ ØpS- s- c \S- °- p∂- B{- Ia- W- ß- ƒ.
jvT \-S-Øp-I-bpw Zn-h-k-hpw hnX- Ø- ns- e sh√- ph- nf- nI- s- fb- pw {it- ≤b- a- mb- Nph- S- ph- b- ∏-v pI- f- m- ÿm]- \- Ø- nt- e°- v am‰- pI- b- m- °v \qd- pI- W- °- n\- v Xo¿∞- mS- I- c- mW- v FØ- ns- °m≠- n- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se C-…m-an-I {]-kn-
IpS- w_- {]m¿Y- \- m at- [y ss_- _p≤- na- p´- pI- s- fb- pw Bfl- s- s[- sW-∂v k¿-°p-e¿ Nq-≠n- Wv th≠- s- X∂- p anj- \- d- ok- v cn°- p∂- X- v. ko\- mb- v taJ- e- b- n¬ CuP- n]- vX- ns- ‚ kp-
_nƒ hmb- n°- pI- b- pw sNø- W- - cy-tØm-sS t\-cn-Sm-\pw h-N-\ °m´- n. Hm^- v Pok- k- v kp∏- oc- nb- ¿ P- c£- mt- k\- t- bmS- v t]mc- mS- p∂- C…- ma- nI- Xo{- hh- mZ- n-
sa∂- X- pƒs- ∏s- S \nc- h- [- n \n¿- ]m-cm-b-Ww Hm-tcm I-tØm-en- \d- ¬ knÃ- ¿ sdP- o\- Ipd- h- n- If- mW- v B{- Ia- W- w \S- Ø- nb- s- X∂- pw CuP- n]- vX- v `c- -
tZ-i-ß-fp-am-bn sI-kn-_n-kn °\- pw i‡- n]- I- c- ps- a∂- ss]- "h-N-\w amw-kw [-cn-®' am- e-ßm-Sv s]m-en-kn-s\ tc-Jm- W-Iq-Sw X-ß-fp-sS k-tlm-Z-cn-I-sf ]o-Un-∏n-°p-∂-
ss__- nƒ IΩ- oj- s- ‚ k¿°- p- XrI- ]mc- º- c- y hni- zmk- a- mW- v k-am-Wv Un-kw-_¿. Xn-cp-]n-d- aqe- w Ad- nb- n®- p. Xn\- p {]X- nI- mc- a- mb- mW- v B{- Ia- W- s- a∂- pw Ah- ¿- {]-
e¿. ss_-_nƒ am-km-N-c-W-Øn- hn Bt- Lmj- Ø- n\- p≈- Hc- p°- w kvX- mh- \- b- n¬ Ah- I- mi- s- ∏´- p.
s‚ AS- nÿ- m\- w. G-‰-hpw A¿-Y-]q¿-Æ-am-°m≥ A-h¿ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂ aT-
Hmt- cm CS- h- I- b- ne- pw ss_- ss_-_n-fn-s\ Iq-Sp-X¬ A-Sp- Øn\- p Np‰- pw s]me- nk- v IqS- p- Ig- n™- h¿j- w tab- n¬ Ct- X Xo{- hh- mZ- n kwL- -
_nƒ {]X- nj- vT \S- Ø- pI- , Hc- p ss_-_nƒ I-Ωn-j≥ ]-cn- Ød- nb- W- w. X¬ kpc- £- m\- S- ]- S- nI- ƒ G¿- S\- \S- Ø- nb- ka- m\- coX- nb- ne- p≈- B{- Ia- W- Ø- n¬
Znh- k- s- a¶- ne- pw ss__- nƒ A- j°-v c- n®- ]pX- nb- \nb- a- Ø- ns- e s∏S- pØ- W- s- a∂- v Bh- i- ys- ∏- 30 t]¿ ac- n®- nc- p∂- p. Ah- c- pw B{- ia- Ø- nt- e°- v h∂- -
J-fi h-N-\-]m-cm-b-Ww kw- \mw Po-hn-°p-∂ k-aq-l- ´X- ns- ‚ shf- n®- Ø- ne- mW- v k- Xo¿∞- mS- I- c- mb- nc- p∂- p. tab- ns- e B{- Ia- W- Ø- n\- p ap-
LS- n∏- n°- pI- , Nne- cq]- X- I- f- n¬ Øn¬ Hmt- cm ss{Ik- vX- h- \- pw `-bp-sS I-Øv. aT-Øn-\p Np- ºpw A-Xn-\p-ti-j-hpw I-bv-tdm-bn-epw sa-Un-‰-td-\n-
\-S-°p-∂ hn-]p-e-am-b ss_- ka- k- vX- P\- ß- ƒ°- pw th≠- n ‰pw cm{- Xn Img- vNb- pf- f- Iyma- - b≥ \K- c- a- mb- Ae- I- vk- m≠- vd- nb- b- ne- pw ss\¬ \Z- o
_nƒ ]mc- mb- W- b- ⁄- ß- f- ps- S {Ink- Xv- p \¬I- nb- c£- mk- t- μ- d-Iƒ ÿm-]n-°-Ww, tIm- Xoc- s- Ø Xm¥- b- ne- pw Xo{- hh- mZ- nI- ƒ ]≈- nI- ƒ B-
amX- rI- b- n¬ Xß- f- ps- S CS- h- I- - iØ- ns- ‚ t{]j- nX- c- pw hml- I- - ºu-≠n-se G-Xm-\pw a-c-ß- {I-an-®n-´p-≠v. Cu A-{I-a-kw-`-h-ß-fn¬ \q-dn-te-sd
bn-epw k-ºq¿-W ss_-_nƒ cpa- mI- W- s- a∂- pw B e£- yØ- n- ƒ sh´- W- w XpS- ß- nb- h- b- mW- v ss{Ik- vX- h- ¿°- v Poh- ≥ \j- vS- s- ∏´- p. tab- ns- e B{- I-
]mc- mb- W- b⁄- ß- ƒ \S- Ø- p- te-°p-≈ bm-{X-bn¬ ss_- s]me- nk- ns- ‚ Bh- i- yw. aW- Ø- n\- p tij- w B{- ia- Ø- nt- e°- p≈- {][- m\- tdm-
I, Un-kw-_¿ 30 ss_-_nƒ _nƒ am¿-K Zo-]-am-sW-∂pw Une- qs- S Xo¿∞- mS- I- c- ps- S hml- \- ß- s- f am{- Xt- a A-
Rmb- d- mb- n BN- c- n°- pI- , Ip´- n- k¿°- pe- ¿ Hm¿a- n∏- n°- p∂- p. Iyma- d- I- ƒ ÿm]- n°- m\- pw [nI- rX- ¿ IS- Ø- nh- n´- nc- p∂- p≈- q. F∂- m¬ \h- w_- ¿ c-
a-‰p-ap-≈ km-º-Øn-I ti-j-
bn-s√-∂pw A-h ÿm-]n-°p-
∂X- v anj- ≥ tlma- ns- ‚ {]h- ¿-
Ø\- ß- t- fb- pw At- ¥h- mk- n-
I-fp-sS kz-Im-cy-X-tb-bpw
_m-[n-°p-sa-∂pw kn-ÿ sd-
Po\- ]d- ™- p.

\mk- n{- Iqc- X- bv°v Ccb- mb- Xv It- ºmU- nb- :- Iq´- °- pc- pX- n°- vt\X- rX- zw hn-hm-lw : \n¿-t±-i-ß-fp-am-bn

60 e£w t]¿ \¬I- nb- c≠- pt- ]¿°- vPoh- ]- c- y¥- w tIcf ItØm-en° sa-{Xm≥- k-an-Xn

11 t]-¿°v h[-in£ e`n® \yq-dw-_¿-Kv hn-Nm-c-W- t]mƒ t]m-´n-s‚ J-a¿-dq-jv `-c-W-Im-e-Øv 1977 ap-X¬ 1979 h-sc I-tºm-Un-b-bn¬ kz-h¿-K hn-hm-lw, hy-`n-Nm-cw Xp-S- sb hym-Jym-\n-®p tIm-S-Xn ]-d-bp-
XpS-ßn-bXv 1945-\-hw-_¿ 20 \v ss{IkvX-hcpw apkvenwIfpw Dƒs∏sS sIms∂m-Sp-°n-bXv 20 e-£w t]-sc ßn-b Im-cy-ß-sf-∏-‰n k-ao-]-Im-e- tºmƒ, It- Øme- n°- m [m¿a- nI- X- b- p-
Øv kp{- ]owt- ImS- X- n Nne- hn[- n Xo¿- sS ho-£-W-Øn¬ A-Xp ]m-]w X-
P¿a\n : tem-I N-cn-{X-Øn¬ ]-e G-Im-[n-]-Xn-I-fpw `-c- t\mw]- ≥ (It- ºmU- nb- ):- Ia- yq- t]mƒ t]m´v \pthm¨ Nnb Jnbp kw^m≥ ∏pI- ƒ \S- Ø- nb- X- v ka- ql- Ø- n¬ aq- s∂s- b∂- v hy‡- w. tImS- X- n ]d- ™- -
WI- qS- ß- f- pw \S- Ø- nb- {Iqc- a- mb- aX- a- ¿±- \- ß- f- ps- Sb- pw hw- WnÃ- v GI- m[- n]- X- nb- mb- nc- p∂- eyt- _m[- t- Øms- S Poh- n°- p∂- h- ¿°- v Xps- Im≠- v ]m]- w, ]m]- a- √- mX- mI- p∂- n-
il- X- yI- f- ps- Sb- pw Nc- n{- Xw \mw hmb- n°- p∂- p≠- .v Cc- p]- X- mw t]mƒ t]m´- ns- ‚ Ja- ¿d- qj- v `c- - Cdm-°nepw kndn-b-bnepw bt- Xms- Sb- mW- v Ah- k- m\- n®- X- .v Bi- ¶- b- pf- h- m°- p∂- X- mb- mW- v s]m- s√∂- p Npc- p°- w.
\q‰- m≠- n¬ am{- Xw AØ- c- w \nj- vTqc- a- mb- Iq´- I- pc- pX- nI- f- p- WI- me- Ø- v 1977 apX- ¬ 1979 h- 2011 apX¬ ss{IkvX- t]mƒ t]m-´v ]-em-b-\w sN-bv- Xph- ne- p≈- hne- b- nc- pØ- ¬. enwK- \o-
≠mb- n´- p≠- v. sc It- ºmU- nb- b- n¬ 20 e£- w Xp. km-h-Im-i-Øn¬ I-tºm- Xnb- ps- Sb- pw k{-v Xo]- pc- pj- ka- X- zØ- n- C-Xn-s‚-sb-√mw B-sI-Øp-I I-
t]s- c Iq´- s- Ime- sNb- vX- X- n\- v h¿°p t\sc CkvemanI Unb- cmP- y`- c- W- Ø- nt- e°- v aS- - s‚-bpw t]-cn-em-Wv kz-h¿-K hn-hm- tØm-en-°m hn-izm-k-Øn¬ ]-cn-]m-
1915¬ Xp¿-°n-bn-se Hm-t´m-am≥ ap-…nw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- t\X- rX- zw \¬I- nb- \pt- hm¨ Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ \S-Ønb ßp-I-bpw J-a¿ dq-jv \n¿-am¿- ls- a∂- {]I- rX- n hnc- p≤- X- b- v°- v kp- h\- a- mb- hnh- ml- s- a∂- IqZ- mi- b- sv- °-
I-ƒ 15 e-£w A¿-ta-\n-b≥ k-`mw-K-ß-fm-b ss{I-kv-X-h- Nnb- (92) Jnb- p kw^- m≥ (89) \njvTqc- a- mb B{Ia- W- - P\- w sNø- s- ∏S- pI- b- pw sNb- X-v p. {]owt- ImS- X- n ]®- s- °mS- n Im´- nb- X- v. Xn-cm-b B-i-b-°p-g-∏-ß-fm-Wv. F-
sc sIm-s∂m-Sp-°n-b-Xm-Wv A-Xn-sem-∂v. Xp-S¿-∂v c-≠mw F∂- nh- ¿°- v sFI- yc- mj- {v- Sk- `- - ßf- psS t]Sns- ∏S- pØ- p∂ ]n∂- oS- p≈- c≠- p ]X- n‰- m≠- v H- ∂m¬, Ipº- k- mc- w, hnh- ml- w XpS- ß- n-
temI- a- l- mb- p≤- I- me- Ø- v ln‰- e-v d- ps- S t\X- rX- zØ- ne- p≈- \m- bp-sS Aw-Ko-Im-c-ap-≈ cm-Pym- t´s- d `c- W- a- m‰- ß- ƒ°- v hg- n Xp- AX- pt- ]ms- e {]mb- ]- q¿Ø- nb- mb- - b Iq-Zm-i-I-fp-sS a-l-Xz-hpw ]-cn-ip-
kn-Iƒ \-S-Øn-b \-c-l-Xy-°v Xp-ey-am-b a-s‰m-∂n-√. 1939 ¥c- hnN- mc- W- t- °mS- X- n Poh- ]- - Hm¿aI- ƒ C∂pw d∂- p. h¿ XΩ- n¬ hnh- ml- _- ‘- Ø- n\- p ]p- ≤n-bpw {]m-[m-\y-hpw tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ-
apX- e- p≈- c≠- mw temI- al- mb- p≤- I- me- Ø- v ln‰- ve- ¿ sIm- cy¥- w XS- h- n\- p in£- n®- p. temIP- \- X ad∂- n´- n√- dØ- p \S- Ø- p∂- ssewK- nI- _‘- ß- - t°m h-\n-Xm I-Ωn-j≥ t]m-se-bp-
s∂mS- p°- nb- X- v 60 e£- w \nc- ]- c- m[- nI- s- fb- mW- v. CX- n¬ 20 1998 B-b-t∏m-sg-bv-°pw J- sf-bpw kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn \n-b-a-Øn- ≈ k¿-°m¿ ÿm-]-\-߃-t°m a-
e-£w b-lq-Z-cm-bn-cp-∂p. P¿-a≥-Im-cm-Wv tem-Iw `-cn-t°- I-tºm-Un-b-bp-sS `-c-Ww Ah- ¿ Hc- p ssk\- yØ- n\- v cq]- w a¿ dq-jv ]q¿-W-am-bn C-√m-Xm- s‚ ap-∂n¬ Ip-‰-I-c-a-√m-Xm-°n. F- \ - ne- mh- n√- . Ah- a\- - ne- m°- n sIm-
≠-sX-∂pw A-h-cp-sS hw-iw a-‰p-≈-h-tb-°mƒ an-I-®-Xm- Xo{- h- amt- hm hmZ- nI- f- mb- Ja- ¿ sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw 1975 ¬ A-Xp- Ip-I-bpw B h¿-jw t]mƒ ∂m¬ aX- a- qe- yß- f- n¬ hni- zk- n°- p- Sp-°m-\p-≈ b-Xv-\w ]m-gv-th-e-bm-bn-
sW-∂p-ap-≈ hn-I-e-am-b Nn-¥-bn¬ \n-∂m-Wv \m-kn kn- dqj- v 1975 G{- ]n¬ 18 \mW- v ]n- h-sc-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ J-a¿ dn-∏- t]m´- v ac- n°- pI- b- pw sNb- X-v p. hn- I-bpw k-aq-l-Øn¬ A-cm-P-I-Xzw cn°- pw.
≤m¥- w DS- s- eS- pØ- X- v. "tlmt- fmt- ImÃ- v' F∂- d- nb- s- ∏S- p∂- Sns- ®S- pØ- X- v. {Iqc- \- mb- t]mƒ ªn-Iv k¿-°m-cn-s\ Xm-sg-bn-d- hn[- Ime- b- f- h- pI- f- n¬ ]nS- nI- q- krj- S-v n°- s- ∏S- p∂- X- n¬ Bi- ¶- s- ∏S- p-
k-ºq¿-W D-∑q-e-\-Øn¬ P¿-a-\n-bn-se-bpw t]m-f-≠n-se- t]m´- v Bb- nc- p∂- p t\X- mh- v. `c- - °p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-ß-s\ S-s∏-Sp-I-bpw Io-g-S-ßp-I-bpw I-bpw sN-øp-∂-h¿ "hy-`n-Nm-cw' Ip- Cu ]›- mØ- e- Ø- ne- mW- v hnh- ml- -
bpw Dƒ-s∏-sS e-£-I-W-°n-\v B-fp-I-sf sXm-gn¬ Iym- W-Øn-te-dn-b \mƒ ap-X¬ A[- nI- mc- Ø- nt- ed- nb- t\X- mh- m- sNb- Xv- \nc- h- [- nt- ]c- ps- S hnN- m- ‰-I-c-a-√ F-∂ tIm-S-Xn Xo-cp-am-\- sa∂- IqZ- mi- s- b∏- ‰- n, AX- p kzoI- c- n-
ºp-I-fn-epw hn-j-hm-X-I tNw-_-dp-I-fn-ep-am-bn sIm-s∂m- t]mƒ t]m´- pw A\- pb- mb- nI- f- pw Wv t]mƒ t]m´- v. t]mƒt- ]m´- n- cW- XpS- c- pI- b- mW- nt- ∏mg- pw. B sØ Bi- ¶- t- bms- Sb- mW- v ImW- p∂- - °p∂- h- ¿ \S- t- Ø≠- Hc- p°- ß- s- f∏- -
Sp°- n. cmP- ys- aß- pw hna- X- s- c th´- b- m- s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ In-cm- \n-c-bn-se G-‰-hpw {]m-b-ta-dn- Xv. \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ ap-∂n¬ A-Xp Ip- ‰n tIc- f- It- Øme- n°- m sa{- Xm≥ k-
Sm≥ Xp-S-ßn. ap-…nw-I-fpw I- X-`-c-Ww 1979¬ hn-b-‰v-\mw I- b-h-cpw t]mƒ t]m-´n-s‚ Iq-´- ‰-I-c-a-s√-∂v ]u-cm-h-Im-i Xp-ey-X- anX- n GX- m\- pw ]pX- nb- \n¿t- ±i- ß- ƒ
\mk- n Iq´- °- pc- pX- n°- pt- ij- h- pw ]e- c- mP- yß- f- ne- pw Iq- tºmU- nb- b- n¬ IpS- nt- bd- nb- nc- p- tºmU- nb- B{- Ia- n®- p Iog- S- °- n- Ip-cp-Xn-°v h-ew-ssI-bm-bn \n- \¬I- nb- n´- p≈- X- v. Ah- b- ne- qs- S:
´-Ip-cp-Xn-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. A-Xn-sem-∂m-Wv 1960 I-fn¬ ∂ hnb- ‰- \-v mw kzt- Zi- nI- f- pa- mb- n- ∂-h-cp-am-b c-≠p-t]-sc-bm-Wv
am-thm sk-Xp-ßn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \-S-∂ kmw-kv-Im-cn- cp-∂p ap-Jy- C-c-Iƒ. Iq-´-Ip-cp- Ct- ∏mƒ Poh- ]- c- y¥- Ø- n\- v in- H-∂v, hn-hm-l-sa-∂ Iq-Zm-i-sb-∏-‰n Ip- Kpw A`- nI- ma- yw.
I hnπ- h- Ø- n¬ Ia- yqW- nÃ- pI- ƒ sIms- ∂mS- p°- nb- ]X- n\- m- Xn-bp-sS `m-K-am-bn C-h-tc-bpw £n®- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. ´nI- ƒ°- pw Iua- mc- °- m¿°- pw Ah- c- ps- S h- Bd- v, Zº- X- nI- ƒ°- v {]mb- ]- c- n[- nb- ps- S A-
bnc- ß- ƒ. 1975 apX- ¬ 1979 hs- c Iwt- _mU- nb- b- n¬ ap…- nw- _p≤- a- X- m\- pb- mb- nI- s- fb- pw sh- f¿-®-bpsS hn-hn-[ Im-e-b-f-hp-I-fn¬ A-
Iƒ°- pw _p≤- a- X- m\- pb- mb- nI- ƒ°- pw t\s- c \S- ∂- Iq´- °- p- Sn-h-®p sIm-√p-I-bpw \n-jvTq-c- dnh- p ]I- c- W- w. hnt- hI- ]q¿h- a- mb- ssew- Snÿ- m\- Ø- n¬ bwK- v I∏- nƒk- v, AU- ƒ´- v I-
cpX- nb- n¬ Poh- ≥ \j- vS- s- ∏´- X- v 20 e£- w t]¿. amb- hn[- Ø- n¬ ]oU- n∏- n°- pI- - Kn-I hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-Wv B-h-iyw. a-\- n- ∏nƒk- v, F¬U- ¿- I∏- nƒk- v XpS- ß- nb- - {Kq∏p-
bpw sN-bv-Xp. H-t´-sd ss{I-kv- s‚b- pw ic- oc- Ø- ns- ‚b- pw ip≤- X- , Bt- cm- Iƒ Bcw`- n°- W- w.
c-≠mw tem-I a-lm-bp-≤ Im-e-sØ \m-kn Iq-´-s°m-e- X-h-sc-bpw I-ayq-Wn-Ãv `-c-W- Ky-I-c-am-b kv-{Xo ˛ ]p-cp-j-_-‘w Xp-S-
Iƒ°- v t\X- rX- zw \¬I- nb- h- s- c bp≤- m\- ¥- c- w kJ- yI- £- n- IqS- w h[- n®- p. ßnb- h- ]mTyh- nj- b- a- m°- W- w. G-gv, Z-º-Xn-Iƒ-°v a-\x-im-kv-{X Iu¨-
Iƒ P¿-a-\n-bn-se \q-d≥-_¿-Kn¬ hn-Nm-c-W sN-bv-Xp. A- ke- nwK- v. am\- k- nI- ]nc- na- pd- p°- ß- ƒ, Zmº- X- y-
XmW- v cmP- ym¥- c- Xe- Ø- n¬ bp≤- °- p‰- h- mf- nI- s- f BZ- ya- m- h-S-t° hn-b-‰v-\m-an-s‚ k- c-≠v, 18 h-b- p ap-X¬ hn-hm-l-Øn- Øn-se A-hn-iz-kv-X-X, kw-i-b-tcm-Kw, a-Zy-
bn hnN- mc- W- sNb- vX- Nc- n{- Xk- w`- h- w. \mk- n `oI- c- X- b- v°- v lmb- t- Øms- S hf- ¿∂- ph- ∂- Xo- \p-≈ A-Sp-Ø H-cp-°w \-S-Øp-I. am-\p- ]m-\w aq-ew X-I¿-® t\-cn-Sp-∂ hy-‡n-Iƒ-
t\-Xr-Xzw \¬-In-b ln-‰v-e¿ 1945 ¬ X-s∂ kz-bw sh-Sn-h- {h I-ayq-Wn-Ãv ]m¿-´n-bm-bn-cp- jn-I aq-ey-ß-fp-sS {]m-[m-\yw, Z-º-Xn-am- °pw Zº- X- nI- ƒ°- pw CX- v Gs- d D]- I- mc- {- ]Z- -
®v Bfl- l- X- ys- Nb- vX- nc- p∂- p. ln‰- ve- d- ps- S Iq´- mf- nI- f- mb- 22 ∂p "I-ayq-Wn-Ãv ]m¿-´n Hm-^v cps- S hni- zmk- ]I- zX- , am\- k- nI- h- pw \nb- - amb- nc- n°- pw.
\mk- n Xe- h- ∑- ms- cb- mW- v BZ- yw hnN- mc- W- s- Nb- vX- X- v. Ah- - I-ºq-®n-b'. km-h-[m-\-Øn¬ a]- c- h- pw ssewK- nI- h- pw ssZh- i- mk- v{- X ]-
cn¬ 11 t]s- c Xq°- nt- e‰- n a‰- p≈- h- ¿°- v Poh- ]- c- y¥- w XS- h- v c-hp-am-b in-£-Ww C-°m-e-Øv A-\n-hm- F´- v, k`- m tImS- X- nI- f- ns- e hnh- ml- w A-
hn[- n®- p. Bs- I 185 {]X- nI- s- fb- mW- v ]e- t- ∏mg- mb- n hnN- mc- - cyw. km-[p-hm-°¬ \-S-]-Sn {I-a-߃ Im-cy-£-a-
W sN-bv-X-Xv. 1945 \-hw-_¿ 20 \p Xp-S-ßn-b hn-Nm-c-W am-°n k-a-b _-‘n-X-am-bn ]q¿-Øn-bm-°m-
1946 HI- vt- Sm_- ¿ H∂- n\- v ]q¿Ø- nb- mb- n. aq∂- v, Ct- ∏mƒ cq]- X- I- ƒ \S- Ø- ns- °m- \p-≈ {i-a-ap-≠m-I-Ww. hn-hm-l tI-kp-I-
≠n-cn-°p-∂ hn-hm-l H-cp-° tIm-gv-kv hn- fn¬ ^e- {- ]Z- a- mb- CS- s- ]S- e- pI- ƒ°- mb- n s^m-
hn-⁄m-\ ssI-c-fn h-gn A-⁄m-\- hym-]-\w hml- Poh- nX- Ø- ns- ‚ F√- m hi- ß- f- pw Dƒ- tdm\- Xe- Ø- n¬ Iu¨k- e- nwK- v sk‚d- pI- ƒ
s°m-≈p-∂ k-a-{K hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-I-Ww. {]h- ¿Ø- n°- pI- .
k¿°m¿ {]kn≤- oI- c- W- ß- f- ne- qsS aXß- ƒs°X- nsc Hfnb- p≤w hnh- ml- Hc- p°- tImg- vk- ns- ‚ ]mTy]- ≤- X- n
sI-kn-_n-kn X-e-Øn¬ ]p-\x-{I-ao-I-cn- Hº- X- ,v hnh- ml- nX- c- mI- ms- X kl- h- k- n°- p-
"hn-⁄m-\ ssI-c-fn' F-∂ am- I-bpw sN-bv-Xv A-Xv "A- tZi-hn-Nmcw °m\- p≈- Pnl- zb- √- hn⁄- m- ≠v. hn-\p F-{_m-lw F-s∂m- °W- w. ∂h- ¿, kzh- ¿K- B`- na- pJ- ya- p≈- h- ¿, `n∂- enw-
kn-I tI-c-f k¿-°m-cn-s‚ Io- ⁄m-\-ssI-c-fn' bm-bn a- \ ssIc- f- ns- b∂- v At- ±l- w a- cp hn-Zzm-\m-Wv C-Xn-s‚ {k-jv- KØ- n¬s- ∏´- h- ¿ F∂- nh- ¿°- p th≠- hn[- Ø- n-
gne- p≈- `mj- m C≥Ã- n‰- yq´- ns- ‚ eb- mf- `- mj- s- b Zpj- n∏- n°- p- A-`n-tj-Iv B‚-Wn \- n-em-°n-bn-´p-t≠m-sb-∂v Smh- .v ss__- nf- ns- e Nne- kμ- ¿- \me- v, hnh- ml- mt- Lmj- thf- b- n¬ D]- - ep≈- AP- ]- me- \- kl- mb- ß- ƒ \¬I- W- w.-
{]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-Wv. {]-Xn-am- ∂X- mW- v ImW- p∂- X- v. kwi- b- w. AX- mW- v e£- ys- a- `-ß-fpw kw-`-h-ß-fpw A-S¿- cn-π-h-am-b co-Xn-I-sf D-t]-£n-®p A¿-Y- an{- inX- hnh- ml- nX- ¿°- v kwK- a- ß- f- pw {]t- Xy-
kw A-Xv {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I- W:v "as- ‰mc- mf- ps- S apº- n¬ Xm≥ ¶n¬ P-\-ß-fp-sS sN-e-hn¬ Øn-sb-Sp-Øv kz-¥w hn-⁄m- ]q¿-W-am-b N-S-ßp-Iƒ Iq-´n-t®¿-°-Ww. I {]m¿Y- \- I- f- pw Ah- c- ps- S a°- ƒ°- p {]t- Xy-
bpw kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-epƒ-s∏-sS ]- P-\-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn-∏- sN-bv-X {]-hr-Øn-bm-Wv Ip-º- AX- p th≠- ms- b∂- mW- v Ig- n- \ IÆ- ne- qs- S hymJ- ym\- n°- pI- - \h- Z- º- X- nI- ƒ°- v CS- h- I- b- n¬ kzoI- c- W- w I hn-izm-k ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw Xp-S-ßn-b-h. G-
eb- nS- Ø- pw hnX- c- W- w sNø- pI- - Ww F-Sp-Øv am-kn-I {]- km-cw. C-\n-ap-X¬ H-cp kv-{Xo- ™ Znh- nk- ß- f- n¬ kwÿ- m\- - bm-Wv I-£n. ss_-_nƒ, a-X- \¬I- ¬, hnh- ml- Xnc- pI- ¿a- ß- f- ps- S Ah- - I-ÿ¿, A-Im-e-Øn¬ Po-hn-X ]-¶m-fn-sb
bpw sN-øp-∂p. kv-Iq-fp-I-fn¬ kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw tI-i-h≥ bpw, Ima- pI- nb- mb- me- pw I¿Ø- m- sØ hnh- n[- It- Øme- n°- m cq- t_m-[-\ ¢m-kn¬ am-{X-ta km\- Ø- n¬ amX- m]- nX- m°- f- ns- emc- mƒ \μ- n \-jv-S-s]-´-h¿ Xp-S-ßn Po-hn-X-Øn¬ H-‰-s]-
\mj- \- ¬ k¿h- ok- v k°-v ow hn- \mb- c- pƒs- ∏s- Sb- p≈- h- ¿°- v i- hn-s‚ a-W-hm-´n-bm-bm-epw B- ]X- I- f- n¬ \S- ∂- {]X- nt- j[- {]- Xm≥ I-≠n-´p-≈q-sh-∂pw H-cn- ]d- b- p∂- X- v F∂- nh- t{]m’- ml- n∏- n°- W- w. ´p t]m-Ip-∂-h-sc k-lm-bn-°m≥ {]-tXy-I
Zym¿-Yn-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv hn-X-c- º-f-hpw a-‰m-\p-Iq-ey-ß-fpw cps- Sb- pw ap∂- ne- pw Ipº- k- mc- n- I-S-\-߃ A-e-dn hn-fn-®p ]-d- °e- pw hmb- n®- n´- ns- √∂- pw ]d- b- p- ]≤- X- nI- ƒ Bh- nj- v°- c- n°- W- w.
Ww. km-[m-c-W K-Xn-bn¬ Ip- \¬I- pI- b- pw sNø- p∂- k¿°- m- °-cp-Xv. a-cn-°m≥ R-߃-°p ™-Xv. Xr-iq-cn¬ hn-⁄m-\ ∂ hn-\p F-{_m-lw, B-scm- A-©v, hn-hm-lw I-gn-™v H-cp h¿-j-
´nI- ƒ°- pw apX- n¿∂- h- ¿°- pw hn- tcm kmw-kv-°m-cn-I h-Ip-∏v a- a-\- n-s√-∂p ]m-´p-]m-Sn-bm¬ ssI-c-fn I-Øn-b-a¿-∂-t∏mƒ, s°t- bm ]d- ™- p tI´- n´- p≈- hn- Øn-\-Iw cq-]-X Ip-Spw-_ t{]-jn-X hn-`m- Npc- p°- Ø- n¬, hnh- ml- s- a∂- IqZ- mi- b- ps- S
⁄m-\w ]-I-cp-∂ am-kn-I-bm- {¥nt- bm Cs- Xm∂- pw ImW- p∂- n- t]m-cm, Ip-º-km-cn-°m≥ R- AX- ns- ‚ Zp¿K- ‘- w Xnc- ph- \- ¥- - hc- ß- ƒ h®- v ss__- nf- ns- \ hn- KØ- ns- ‚ t\X- rX- zØ- n¬ \h- Z- º- X- nI- ƒ°- v ]-hn-{X-X-sb-∏-‰n hn-hm-l-Øn-\p ap-tº _m-
Wns- X∂- mW- v \mw Ic- pX- pI- . s√∂- pw Ad- nb- p∂- n- s- √∂- pw hn- ߃-°v a-\- n-s√-∂p kv-{Xo ]pc- w hs- c FØ- nb- nc- n°- W- w. iI- e- \- w sNø- pI- b- mW- v. `mj- , amX- m]- nX- m°- f- mI- m\- p≈- ]c- ni- oe- \- w \¬- eyØ- ne- pw Iua- mc- Ø- ne- pw hnh- ml- t- ij- h- pw
Nmc- n°- m≥ \n¿h- ml- a- n√- . ka- ql- w H‰- s- °´- mb- n Ae- d- n hn- ssie- n, Be- ¶- mc- nI- {]t- bmK- - I-Ww. K¿-`-[m-c-W Im-e-Øv kv-{Xo-Iƒ- bph- X- ob- ph- m°- ƒ°- p \¬I- p∂- ka- {- Ka- mb-
F∂- m¬, CX- ns- ‚ ]{- Xm[- n- fn°- - W- w'. AX- ps- Im≠- mh- pw ]mX- na- \- - ߃, F-gp-Xn-b Im-e-L-´w, °v Bfl- ob- \n¿t- ±i- ß- f- pw Iu¨k- e- nw- Ah- t- _m[- h- pw ]c- ni- oe- \- h- pa- mW- v Cu \n¿-
]c- mb- hn.t- Ii- h- ≥ \mb- ¿°- pw Cu am-kn-I-bp-sS 2018 Hm- t m-sS-bp-≈ tI-i-h≥ \m-b- km-aq-ln-I B-Nm-c-߃ Xp-S- t±i- ß- f- ps- S cX- v\- ®- pc- p°- w.
A-Xn-s‚ a-‰v A-Wn-b-d-°m¿- K-Ãv e-°-Øn-epw H-Iv-tSm-_¿ "]u-tcm-ln-Xy-hpw kv-{Xo cp-sS tJ-Z-{]-I-S-\w. N-S-ßn-\p ßn H´- t- \I- w Imc- yß- f- ps- S ]-
°pw C-S-Xp-]-£ Nn-¥ {]-k- e°- Ø- ne- pa- mW- v aX- ß- s- f, {]- kzX- {- ¥yh- pw' F∂- Xe- s- °´- n- th-≠n-bp-≈ tJ-Z-{]-I-S-\w ›mØ- e- Ø- n¬ am{- Xw hmb- n®- - sba-\n¬ 84,700 Ip´n-Iƒ acn®p
cn∏- n°- m\- pw {]N- c- n∏- n°- m\- pa- p- tXyI- n®- v ss{Ik- Xv- h- aX- s- Ø ep-≈ H-Iv-tSm-_¿ e-°w ap-J ss{I-kv-X-h k-aq-lw kzo-I-cn- dn-tb-≠ ss_-_n-fn-s‚ km-K-
≈ thZ- nb- mW- v "hn⁄- m\- s- sI- Ah- t- lf- n°- p∂- hn⁄- m\- {]- {]-kw-K-Øn-epw tI-i-h≥ \m- ®n´- n√- . ]e- t- ∏mg- mb- n Xm≥ B c Xpe- ya- mb- Bg- ß- s- f GX- m- Zp_mbv: 2015 apX¬ kuZn t]mj-Im-lm-c-°p-dhp aqew
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